Use data reference in Sheets

7 min read
I. Intro
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Platform requirement: These steps can only be performed on the Lark desktop app.
You can reference data from other spreadsheets in Sheets and any updates from the source spreadsheet will be automatically synced to the current spreadsheet. You can reference text, numbers, and formulas, but not links, images, drop-down lists, and data formats.
Use cases:
  • For summarizing financial statements, you can reference data across multiple spreadsheets to gather all the relevant data into one single spreadsheet.
  • For writing weekly reports, you can reference data from the spreadsheets of different team members to get overall progress for the entire team.
II. Steps
You can reference spreadsheet data in Sheets as well as Docs. The following instructions are for referencing data in Sheets. For referencing data in Docs, see Reference data from Sheets in Docs.
Reference data
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Notice: You can only reference spreadsheets for which you have download or copy permission. When you use the data reference feature, the system will automatically check your spreadsheet permissions and create a reference relationship between the spreadsheets.
Open the spreadsheet and reference data using one of the following methods:
Method 1: Select a cell and click Menu > Data > Data Reference > New Data Reference. In the pop-up window, select the spreadsheet you want to refer to, select the data range, and click Select. Set data format after the data is imported.
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Method 2: Enter =IMPORTRANGE and click Select Spreadsheet. Select the spreadsheet you want to reference, select the data range, and click Select. Set data format after the data is imported.
You can also enter =IMPORTRANGE and directly enter the arguments to reference data across spreadsheets. The formula syntax is =IMPORTRANGE(spreadsheet_url, range_string).
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Note:
  • Up to 100 different data references can be created in one spreadsheet.
  • One spreadsheet can be used as a data reference up to 100 times.
  • When using cross-spreadsheet data reference in a nested manner, up to 5 layers of nesting are supported. For example, if Sheet B uses the IMPORTRANGE function to reference data from Sheet A across spreadsheets, and Sheet C references data from Sheet B across spreadsheets through the IMPORTRANGE function, this would constitute 3 layers of nesting.
Modify reference settings
After using data reference across spreadsheets, you can adjust the reference settings in three ways: manually updating the data, updating the reference range, or disconnecting the data connection from the source spreadsheet. It may take a few minutes for the adjustment of reference settings to take effect.
Method 1: Click Menu in the toolbar, then select Data > Data Reference. Select the source spreadsheet and then select a settings option. You can also click Highlight data in current sheet to quickly view data.
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Method 2: Select the cell in the upper-left corner of the referenced data range, click Data Reference from the formula bar, and select a settings option.
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Method 3: Click any cell containing the referenced data, click the Settings icon in the upper-right corner, and select a settings option.
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Note: If you modify the reference arguments in the data reference formula, or perform dropdown fill or copy and paste on the cell containing the formula, the system will perform reference and authorization checks again for the action area. #ERROR may be displayed in the cell and you will be prompted to grant permission. At this time, click Grant Permission to proceed.
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Delete referenced data
Select the cell in the upper-left corner of the referenced data range and press Delete.
Best practices for data reference
The performance and display of data references in spreadsheets can be influenced by the data within the sheets and the actions performed on them. To optimize the use of the data reference feature across spreadsheets, consider the following recommendations:
  • Reduce the number of data references across spreadsheets
  • Each data reference across spreadsheets retrieves data from the source spreadsheet. When the source data is modified or the reference function is updated, the system refreshes all reference relationships which can impact performance. Therefore, we recommend you reduce the number of data references across multiple spreadsheets in the formula.
  • For example, you can reference the data in the source spreadsheet as a whole instead of referencing them one by one, so as to reduce the number of references.
  • As shown in the figure below, column D references the data from A1 to A5 in the source data spreadsheet one by one, using 5 data references across spreadsheets; while column G references the data of the entire area "A1:A5", using only 1 data reference across spreadsheets. At this time, column G has fewer references and is faster.
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  • Simplify the data range of references
  • When other formulas in your spreadsheet depend on the calculation results of data references, calculations will only begin once the data reference calculations are complete. To enhance performance, simplify the reference data range, especially for spreadsheets that are frequently updated or have a large amount of calculations.
  • For example, if you need to calculate the sum of data from A1 to A15 in the source data spreadsheet (as shown in the figure below), you can first calculate the sum in the source data spreadsheet and then use data reference to extract this sum (that is, Method 2), so as to reduce the calculation process between spreadsheets and improve performance.
  • Method 1: Reference all values and then calculate the data sum, that is, nest the IMPORTRANGE function within the SUM function. Enter =SUM(IMPORTRANGE($A$2,"'Sheet2'!A1:A15")) to obtain a total of 120.
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  • Method 2 (recommended): First, calculate the sum in the source data spreadsheet (that is, the value of 120 in E2 of the source data on the left), and then use data reference for this data "=IMPORTRANGE($A$2,"'Sheet2'!E2")" to obtain the total of 120.
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  • Use the IMPORTRANGE chain carefully to avoid creating an IMPORTRANGE loop
  • When Sheet B contains IMPORTRANGE(Sheet A) and Sheet C contains IMPORTRANGE(Sheet B), a "chain" is formed. Any updates made to Sheet A will cause Sheets B and C to reload, affecting the performance of IMPORTRANGE. Therefore, we recommend that you:
  • Reduce the number of IMPORTRANGE chains formed across multiple sheets. The IMPORTRANGE function nesting supports up to 5 levels.
  • Avoid creating an IMPORTRANGE loop. For example, Sheet B contains IMPORTRANGE(Sheet A), and Sheet A contains IMPORTRANGE(Sheet B).
  • Avoid using pivot tables and the following functions as arguments for data reference
  • It is not recommended to use pivot tables and the following functions as arguments for data reference in Sheets, as frequent updates to these elements may cause data overload. If you need to use pivot tables and the above functions as arguments for data reference, you can copy the calculation results of these functions and then select Paste Special > Paste Values Only to reference a static value for convenient calculation.
  • Function type
    Function name
    Real-time functions
    NOW function
    TODAY function
    Random number functions
    RAND function
    RANDBETWEEN function
    Regular expression functions
    REGEXEXTRACT function
    REGEXMATCH function
    REGEXREPLACE function
    Network functions
    IMAGE function
    IMPORTHTML function
    IMPORTXML function
    IMPORTDATA function
    IMPORTFEED function
    IMPORTRANGE function
    Other special functions
    TEXT function
    SUBTOTAL function
    CELL function
III. Common error messages
When the system prompts that there is an error in the reference, you can refer to the following situations to troubleshoot the cause of the problem. If the problem still cannot be solved, contact support.
Error Prompt
Possible Causes
Solutions
No permission to view or copy the referenced source sheet.
Your permission for the source data spreadsheet has expired, and you cannot access or reference the data.
  1. Check whether you have access permission for the data source spreadsheet.
  1. Check whether you have the permission to copy the data source spreadsheet and whether the copied content can be pasted outside the spreadsheet.
  1. Confirm with your organization administrator enabled "Allow users to copy content".
There may be a delay in permission changes. After you check that the permissions are correct, you can click "Recheck" or modify the data reference formula to recheck.
Circular references.
The current spreadsheet is the direct or indirect source of the data you're trying to reference.
For example, Sheet B contains IMPORTRANGE(Sheet A), and Sheet A contains IMPORTRANGE(Sheet B).
Delete or modify the formula so that there is no IMPORTANGE loop between the Sheets.
Changes detected in cross-sheet formula parameters. Please grant permission again.
The reference arguments in the data reference formula have changed, or the cell containing the formula has been filled down or copied and pasted. The system will perform reference and authorization checks again for the action area.
Click Grant Permission in the pop-up error window.
Formula calculation internal error.
An internal error occurs in formula calculation.
Try referencing the data again.
The referenced source link doesn't exist.
The first argument (the argument of the source spreadsheet) of the IMPORTRANGE formula is incorrect, or the data source Sheets does not exist.
Re-enter the correct arguments.
The referenced range has been deleted or doesn't exist.
The second argument (the argument specifying the worksheet range of the source spreadsheet) of the IMPORTRANGE formula is incorrect, and the referenced range has been deleted or does not exist.
Re-enter the correct arguments.
Network or server error. Please check your network connection and retry.
An exception has occurred on the server side or a network error has occurred.
Check the network and reference the data again.
Exceeded the maximum of 5 layers of references.
The iterative calculation of one data reference is more than 5 times.
Reduce iterative calculation.
The number of data reference formulas in the Sheets exceeds the upper limit
The number of data reference formulas in the Sheets reaches the upper limit of 100.
Delete some references and reference the data again.
The number of times the source Sheets is referenced exceeds the upper limit
A Sheets is referenced by more than 100 different reference relationships, reaching the upper limit.
Check the reference relationships and delete some references.
The reference results cannot be displayed. There is already content in the following cells.
Since there is already content in the cells where the reference data needs to be displayed, the data cannot be displayed flatly in the worksheet.
After clearing the cell content, the data can be displayed normally.
The referenced data volume is large, please wait...
The amount of data referenced in the data reference formula is relatively large.
You can wait for a few minutes.
The referenced source sheet has been deleted.
The referenced source Sheets has been deleted.
Re-enter the correct arguments.
IV. FAQs
Can I use data references in a document?
Yes. For more details, see Reference data from Sheets in Docs.
What are the differences between Data reference and the IMPORTRANGE function?
Data reference is a feature developed based on the IMPORTRANGE function and turns the syntax into easy operations.
Will the referenced data be automatically synched to its source file?
Yes. If changes are made to the source data, the referenced data will be automatically updated as well.
Can I directly modify the referenced data?
No. The referenced data will be kept consistent with the source file. To modify data referenced from another spreadsheet, unlink it from the source sheet first.
What kind of spreadsheet can I reference?
You can reference data from spreadsheets that you have download and copy permissions.
Can I reference data from a base?
No. Data from a base cannot be directly synced to a spreadsheet. To move data from a base to a spreadsheet, you can export the data in the base to your device and then upload the file to the spreadsheet. For more details, see Import and export Base.
Can I input content in a cell with IMPORTRANGE formula?
No. Adding content to a cell that references data from another spreadsheet may lead to failure to display referenced data.
Delete the content you've entered to re-enable the IMPORTRANGE function. The referenced data will be automatically loaded again.
Why did I fail to reference data?
It may be due to several reasons. Check the error prompt and troubleshoot using the following table:
Error prompt
Possible cause
Solution
Unable to import data
The data you try to reference doesn't exist, or you have no permission to view the file.
Check the source data and permissions and then re-import the data.
Circular references
The current spreadsheet is the direct or indirect source of the data you're trying to reference.
Delete or modify the formula so that there is no such reference relationship between tables.
Data permission invalid
Your permission for the source file has expired. As a result, you can't access or reference the data.
Re-import the data after confirming that you have obtained the permission to create a copy of the source table.
Request has timed out. Please try again later.
Data referencing request is taking too long.
Re-import the data.
Unable to import data
There is an error in the network or a problem with the server.
Check the network and then re-import the data.
Array result was not expanded. Some cells already have content
Cells in the display range already have content, so the referenced data can't be displayed.
Clear the content in the cells to display the referenced content. Alternatively, import the data into a different section of the spreadsheet.
Incorrect parameters. Unable to find the referenced sheet. Please modify or create a new one.
The IMPORTRANGE formula you entered contains incorrect parameters.
Modify the parameters or re-enter the formula syntax.
Referenced url cannot be found
The first parameter of the IMPORTRANGE formula specifying the source file has an error.
Make sure that the URL of the source file is correct.
Unable to find range or sheet for imported range
The second parameter of the IMPORTRANGE formula specifying the section of the spreadsheet to be referenced has an error.
Enter the correct parameter.
Formula calculation internal error
An internal error occurs in formula calculation.
Try referencing the data again.
You've reached the maximum number of data reference (100). Please delete some and try again.
There are 100 or more data references in the spreadsheet.
Delete some data references.
The maximum times of iterative calculation is 5
The iterative calculation of one data reference is more than 5 times.
Reduce iterative calculation.
Written by: Lark Help Center
Updated on 2025-04-10
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